Lord Mountbatten : last Viceroy of India

Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy of India. Mountbatten was appointed Viceroy of India in 1947 and he oversaw the creation of the independent states of India and Pakistan. After India's independence on 15 August 1947, the title of Viceroy was abolished and was converted into Governor General. Thus Lord Mountbatten became the first Governor General of independent India.

Lord Mountbatten was born in Windsor, England, on 25th June, 1900. His father, Prince Louis of Battenberg, had been born in Austria. As a result of the anti-German feelings in Britain during the First World War the family changed its name from Battenberg to Mountbatten. Lord Mountbatten joined Royal Navy and in the Second World War he commanded the 5th Destroyer Flotilla. After his term in India, Mountbatten returned to service at sea and as Fourth sea Lord was commander of the Mediterranean Fleet (1952-55). He was also First Sea Lord (1955-59) and Chief of Defence Staff (1959-65). Lord Mountbatten was murdered by an IRA bomb while sailing near his holiday home in County Sligo, Ireland, on 27th August, 1979.

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Annie Besant: first woman president of Indian National Congress

Annie Besant was the first woman President of Indian National Congress. She presided over the 1917 Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress. Annie Besant was of Irish origin and was one of the few foreigners who played a significant role in the Indian freedom movement.

Annie Besant was born as Annie Woods in London on October 1, 1847. In 1867 Annie married Frank Besant, a clergymen, and they had two children. However, Annie and Frank were legally separated in 1873. Annie Besant became interested in Theosophy, a religious movement founded in 1875 and based on Hindu ideas of karma and reincarnation. She later on became leader of Theosophical society.

Annie Besant first visited India in 1893 and later settled here. She became involved in the Indian freedom movement. In 1916 she established the Indian Home Rule League, which demanded self-rule for India. Annie Besant died in India on 20 September 1933.

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